Njengesiseko sesiseko esiyimfuneko kushishino lwangoku kunye nolwakhiwo, imibhobho yentsimbi esisiseko inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, egubungela imimandla ephambili ukusuka kulwakhiwo lweziseko zophuhliso ukuya nokwenziwa koomatshini. Eli nqaku liza kuqala ngenkcazo yombhobho wensimbi osisiseko kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uphonononge umda wesicelo esithile, iimpawu zobugcisa, kunye nendima ephambili kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
I. Inkcazo kunye noHlelo lweMibhobho yeNtsimbi eSisiseko
Imibhobho yentsimbi esisiseko ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwimibhobho yentsimbi esetyenziselwa ukuxhasa izakhiwo, ukuhambisa ulwelo, okanye njengamacandelo oomatshini. Ngokuyintloko zenziwe ngentsimbi ye-carbon, i-alloy steel, okanye insimbi engenasici. Ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi edibeneyo. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yenziwa ngokuqengqeleka okushushu okanye iinkqubo zokudweba ezibandayo kwaye ibe namandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo. Ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa{4}}kuthutho oluphezulu loxinzelelo okanye ulwelo lomatshini. Imibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo yenziwe nge-crimping kunye ne-welding sheet materials. Amaxabiso aphantsi ngokwentelekiso{7}}kwaye asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuthutho{8}loxinzelelo oluphantsi loxinzelelo okanye izakhelo zokwakha.
Ngokusekelwe kwisicelo sabo, imibhobho yentsimbi esisiseko inokwahlulwa ibe yimibhobho yentsimbi yesakhiwo (njengemibhobho yokwakha yesikafula), imibhobho yentsimbi ehambisa amanzi (enjengemibhobho yeoli neyegesi), kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi yomatshini (enjengemibhobho yeesilinda zehydraulic). Olu lwahlulo lumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhethwa kwezinto, ukuyila kobunzima bodonga, kunye nonyango lomphezulu.
II. Usetyenziso olungundoqo lweSiseko soMbhobho weNsimbi
1. Ukwakha kunye nobuNjineli boLuntu
Kwicandelo lokwakha, umbhobho wensimbi yesiseko usetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njenge-scaffolding, inkxaso ye-formwork, kunye nokuqulunqwa kwesakhiwo. Amandla ayo aphezulu kunye ne-weldability yenza kube lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwizakhiwo zenkxaso zexeshana okanye ezisisigxina. Umzekelo, i-fastener -uhlobo lombhobho wentsimbi wesikafula esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulwakhiwo oluphezulu{3}}lokunyuka luxhomekeke kumthwalo{4}}umthamo wokuthwala kunye nokuzinza kombhobho wentsimbi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lolwakhiwo. Umbhobho wentsimbi omkhulu -omkhulu ukwasetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zobunjineli boluntu ezifana neziseko zebhulorho yemfumba kunye nezixhaso zetonela, ethwele uxinzelelo olukhulu lomhlaba kunye nemithwalo eguqukayo.
2. Ishishini leoli negesi
Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kombhobho wentsimbi kwicandelo lamandla kukuhamba koxinzelelo oluphezulu-lokuthuthwa kwamanzi. Kuphuhliso lommandla we-oyile nerhasi, iinkqubo zemibhobho yomgama-emide ukusuka kwimithombo yamanzi ukuya kwiindawo zokucokisa zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumbhobho wentsimbi{3}owomelele. Olu hlobo lombhobho wentsimbi kufuneka luhlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo ezifana nokuxhathisa umhlwa (ezifana nemigangatho ye-API 5L), ukuxhathisa okuphezulu -kuxinzelelo (ukuya kumashumi eMPa), kunye nokuqina kobushushu obuphantsi ({7}obufanele indawo zepolar). Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokukhula kophuhliso lwerhasi ye-shale,{9}}imibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo yamaxesha amaninzi iye yaba lolona khetho luphambili kuthungelwano lwemibhobho yerhasi ye-shale ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwayo kunye neendleko ezilawulekayo.
3. Ukwenziwa koomatshini kunye noShishino lweziThuthi
Kwicandelo loomatshini, imibhobho yentsimbi esisiseko ihlala isetyenziswa njengezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwimibhobho ye-hydraulic system, imikhono ye-shaft yokuqhuba, kunye nezinto ezichanekileyo. Umzekelo, iisilinda zehydraulic koomatshini bokwakha zihlala zenziwe ngemibhobho yentsimbi ebandayo{1}ezotyiweyo, kwaye ukugqitywa kweendonga zazo zangaphakathi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Kwimveliso yeemoto, amacandelo afana nemibhobho yokukhupha kunye neebrakethi zenkqubo yokulawula nazo zisebenzisa kakhulu imibhobho ye-galvanized okanye i-stainless steel, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhanya kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.
4. Ugcino lwaManzi kunye nobuNjineli bakaMasipala
Uthungelwano lwamanzi asezidolophini, iinkqubo zogutyulo, kunye nemibhobho yokukhusela umlilo zonke zisekelwe kwimibhobho yentsimbi. Nangona imibhobho yentsimbi isiya ithandwa kakhulu, imibhobho yentsimbi ihleli iyinto engenakuphinda ibuyiselwe-yothumelo lwamanzi olucinezelekileyo (afana neProjekthi yoMzansi-ukuya{3}}kuMntla waManzi oPhambuka) kunye nokuwela iimeko ezinzima zejoloji. Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, iplastiki{5}}imibhobho yentsimbi ehlanganisiweyo enemigca iyoyisa ingxaki yomhlwa kwimibhobho yentsimbi yesiqhelo kwaye ibone ukukhula okubonakalayo ekusebenziseni kwayo kubonelelo lwamanzi lukamasipala kunye nemisele.
III. Iimpawu zobuGcisa kunye nokuKhetha amanqaku aPhambili
Izalathi zokusebenza ezingundoqo zemibhobho yentsimbi esisiseko ibandakanya ukomelela, ukomelela kwesivuno, ukomelela, kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo. Ngokomzekelo, umbhobho wensimbi we-Q235B wokwakha kufuneka ube namandla emveliso ye-Greater than or equal to 235 MPa, ngelixa i-API 5CT ipayipi yensimbi yamaqonga ase-offshore idinga amandla empembelelo ye-Greater than or equal to 40 J at -20 degree. Iingqwalasela eziphambili xa ukhetha umbhobho ziquka:
Imiba yokusiNgqongileyo: Umbhobho wokutshiza ngetyuwa{0}}okumelana nentsimbi engatyiwayo (efana ne-316L) iyakhethwa kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni.
Iimeko zomthwalo: Umbhobho wensimbi ocinyiweyo kunye nobushushu kufuneka ukhethwe kwizakhiwo ezixhomekeke kwimithwalo eguquguqukayo.
Ezoqoqosho: Umbhobho wentsimbi odityanisiweyo wesiqhelo ungasetyenziselwa{0}}izinto ezingabalulekanga ukunciphisa iindleko.
IV. IiNdlela zoPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Ngokuhambela phambili kwisayensi yezinto, imibhobho yentsimbi esisiseko iphuhlisa ijolise ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu. Umzekelo, i-nano{1}}imibhobho yentsimbi egqunyiweyo iphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kwaye ifanelekile koomatshini basemigodini. Ifayibha -imibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo eyomeleziweyo, edibanisa amandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima obuphantsi, ivela kwisixhobo samandla esitsha. Ngaphaya koko, ubugcisa bokwenza idijithali (obufana nelaser{5}}imibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo) iqhuba uphuculo oluguquguqukayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nolawulo lomgangatho.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukususela kwiziseko ze-skyscraper ukuya kwi-oyile ye-transoceanic kunye nemibhobho yegesi, isiseko semibhobho yensimbi isekela ukusebenza koluntu lwanamhlanje kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo. Ukuqonda umda wabo kunye neempawu zabo akubalulekanga kuphela ekukhetheni izinto zobunjineli kodwa linyathelo eliphambili ekuqhubeleni phambili ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ngokuphumelela kwizinto ezintsha kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa, imida yokusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yensimbi yesiseko iya kuqhubeka nokwandisa.
