Njengenxalenye ephambili kushishino lwanamhlanje kunye neziseko zophuhliso, ingcamango yoyilo emva kwemibhobho yentsimbi ejikelezayo idlula nje ukufumba "izakhiwo ze-tubular." Endaweni yoko, ibandakanya indlela yobunjineli ecwangcisiweyo edibanisa isayensi yezinto, imigaqo yoomatshini, iinkqubo zokuvelisa, kunye neemfuno zesicelo. Ukusuka kwiimfuno zokumelana noxinzelelo lwemibhobho ye-oyile kunye negesi ukuya kwiimfuno zokuxhathisa i-shear yeziseko zeemfumba zebhulorho ukuya kukulungelelaniswa kwendawo yezakhiwo zokwakha, uyilo lwemibhobho yentsimbi ejikelezayo ihlala ijikeleza izinto ezintathu ezingundoqo: "ukuguquguquka okusebenzayo," "ukuthembeka kolwakhiwo," kunye "noqoqosho lokuvelisa," ukwandisa ixabiso ngolungelelwaniso oluguqukayo.
I. Umsebenzi{1}}UJolisekileyo: Ukuchaza "Iiparamitha eziSisiseko" ngokuSekwe kwiiMfuno
Inyathelo lokuqala kuyilo lombhobho wentsimbi "kukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo isicelo." Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo zibeka iimfuno ezicacileyo ekusebenzeni kwemibhobho yensimbi. Imibhobho ye-oyile nerhasi kufuneka imelane noxinzelelo oluphezulu (oludla ngokuba Mikhulu kuno okanye ilingana ne-6 MPa) kwaye ixhathise ukuhlwa okuvela kumajelo eendaba angaphakathi (ofana ne-sulfide stress corrosion evela kwi-oyile ekrwada emuncu). Ke ngoko, izinto eziphambili zoyilo zibandakanya ubukhulu bodonga (usebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic ukuthoba ubuncinci bodonga), anti{4}}i-corrosion linings yangaphakathi (efana ne-3PE yokwambathisa okanye i-epoxy powder coating), kunye namandla e-weld fatigue. Kwelinye icala, imibhobho yentsimbi ejiyayo esetyenziswa kwizakhiwo (ezifana nezixhaso zebhulorho yethutyana okanye amalungu etruss yendawo) ibeka ugxininiso olukhulu kumnqamlezo-i-inertia yecandelo (echaphazela ukugoba kunye nokumelana nokushukuma), unyango lomphezulu (anti{8}}ipeyinti yomhlwa okanye eshushu{9}}idip galvanizing okanye ujongano oludityanisiweyo) uyilo lwegroove).
Le "imfuno{0}}yokuqala" yoyilo ndlela itolika "iinjongo ezisebenzayo" kwiiparameters ezinokuqikelelwa. Umzekelo, kwiiprojekthi zothutho ze-oyile kunye negesi ezinde{2}}, abaqulunqi basebenzisa ukulinganisa okuguquguqukayo kwamanzi ukubala ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kumbhobho. Ukuthathela ingqalelo iimeko ze-geological (ezifana nokuhlaliswa kwesiseko kwiindawo ze-permafrost okanye ukwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa kwimimandla eyintlango), bamisela uluhlu oluvumelekileyo loxinzelelo lwe-hoop kumbhobho wensimbi. Ekugqibeleni, bafumana ulawulo olufunekayo lobude be-spiral welds (ngokuqhelekileyo Ngaphantsi okanye ilingana ne-2mm ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwengqondo), umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wedayamitha yombhobho ukuya kubukhulu bodonga (umzekelo, umbhobho we-DN1000 ngokuqhelekileyo unodonga oluyi-8{8}}}16mm), kunye nobunzima obuchanekileyo ngemitha nganye (ukunqanda ukuthuthwa okugqithisileyo).
II. Ubukrelekrele beZakhiwo: iMechanical Secret of Spiral Forming
Umahluko ongundoqo phakathi kombhobho wentsimbi ojikelezayo kunye nombhobho wentsimbi womthungo othe ngqo ukwinkqubo eyodwa yokwenza "i-spiral continuous welding"-iipleyiti zentsimbi ziyabhijelwa kwaye zidityaniswe ngomgca ojikelezayo ukwenza umbhobho. Le nkqubo ngokwayo iquka uyilo lobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha.
Ukusuka kwimbono yomatshini, i-spiral weld ibaleka kwi-engile ethile (ngokuqhelekileyo i-50℃- 75℃) ukuya kwi-axis yombhobho. Olu phawu "lomthwalo oblique" luqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo olufanayo ngakumbi kwindawo ye-weld xa iphantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Xa kuthelekiswa nombhobho wentsimbi yomthungo othe tye (apho i-weld seam i-perpendicular ukuya kwicala le-axial, ngokulula ibe yindawo yoxinzelelo), umbhobho wentsimbi ejikelezayo unokufikelela kwi-15% -20% yokwanda komthwalo ojikelezayo{10}}umthamo wokuthwala (idatha elinganisiweyo). Oku kuyenza ifaneleke ngakumbi-idayamitha (DN1200 nangaphezulu) kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwemibhobho yomgama omde. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokubumba i-spiral igcina ukuqhubekeka kwefayibha yepleyiti yentsimbi (ngokungafaniyo nombhobho wentsimbi womthungo othe tye, ofuna ukusika i-longitudinal kunye ne-splicing yepleyiti yentsimbi), iphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa impembelelo kunye nobomi bokudinwa.
Ukukhethwa kwe-angle ye-helix kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngexesha loyilo. I-angle encinci kakhulu iya kwenza kube nzima ukulungelelanisa imiphetho yepleyiti yentsimbi ngexesha lokuqulunqa (echaphazela umgangatho we-weld), ngelixa i-angle enkulu kakhulu iya kwandisa umthwalo kumatshini wokugoqa ipleyiti kunye nokunciphisa ukuqina kwe-radial yombhobho. Iinjineli zihlala zisebenzisa uhlalutyo lwento ephelelisiweyo (FEA) ukulinganisa ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo ze-helix ukuze ekugqibeleni zigqibe ngowona luhlu lwee-engile eziqinisekisa zombini ukwenza ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neemfuno zamandla olwakhiwo.
III. ULungiselelo lweMveliso: Ukuphucula ukuVelisa ngaphakathi kwemiqobo
Uyilo alunakwahlulwa kwizinto zokwenyani zokuvelisa. Ingcamango yoyilo lombhobho wentsimbi ejikelezayo kufuneka ibandakanye ukuqwalaselwa ngokucokisekileyo kwenkqubo enokwenzeka. Umzekelo, ukukhethwa kwepleyiti yentsimbi izinto ekrwada kufuneka ibhalansi amandla kunye weldability. Ngelixa -intsimbi yombhobho wamandla aphezulu (efana ne-X80) inokunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga kwaye ngoko ke iindleko zempahla, ukulingana kwayo kwekhabhoni ephezulu kufuna ulawulo olungqongqo lwegalelo lobushushu ngexesha le-welding (ukuphepha ukuqhekeka okubandayo). Ngoko ke, "ifestile yenkqubo ye-welding" ebanzi igcinwe ngexesha loyilo (umzekelo, ngokunyusa ubukhulu be-groove blunt edge okanye ukulungelelanisa i-parameters yangoku kunye ne-voltage).
Ngaphaya koko, izithintelo zothutho zombhobho wentsimbi ojikelezayo omkhulu-ubukhulu (umzekelo, ubukhulu bombhobho wedayamitha yothutho lwendlela ngokuqhelekileyo buNgaphantsi okanye bulingana ne-3m, kwaye imibhobho egqithe lo mda kufuneka yenziwe ngokwamacandelo kwaye emva koko idityaniswe{2}}kwisiza) inokuchaphazela kakubi uyilo. Ukuba iprojekthi ifuna umbhobho omnye, owongezelelweyo{4}}omde (ofana nolwakhiwo lwenkxaso yeqonga elingaphesheya konxweme), umyili usenokukhetha isisombululo "segmented spiral + flange". Ngokwandisa ubume bomngxunya weflange kunye nokutywinwa komphezulu we-engile, esi sisombululo sihlangabezana neemfuno zothutho ngelixa siqinisekisa{7}}ufakelo oluchanekileyo lwesiza.
Okubaluleke nangakumbi kukudityaniswa kweengqikelelo "zokuvelisa uhlaza": Uyilo lwemibhobho yentsimbi ejikelezayo yanamhlanje ibeka phambili izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe (ezifana ne-Q235B carbon steel) kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ngokwandisa ubukhulu bodonga (kuzo zonke i-1mm yokunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga, ubunzima ngemitha nganye buyancipha malunga ne-6%-}8%). Ukulawula ukuqiniswa kwe-weld akuchaphazeli nje ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo kodwa kunciphisa inani lokusila elifunekayo ngexesha lokusebenzisa i-anti-corrosion coating elandelayo, ukunciphisa ngokungathanga ngqo ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Isiphelo: Ifilosofi yobuNjineli kwiNgcaciso yeDynamic
Uyilo lombhobho wentsimbi ejikelezayo yinkqubo yokufumana isisombululo esona sisombululo phakathi "kweemfuno zokusebenza," "ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo," kunye "neendleko zokuvelisa." Oku kufuna ukuba iinjineli zilawule ngokuchanekileyo iipropati zezinto eziphathekayo (umzekelo, ukwazi amandla emveliso ye-Q345B yensimbi yi-345 MPa, ehambelana noxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo kwiindonga ezahlukeneyo zobunzima), kunye nokuqonda okunzulu ukulinganiselwa kwenkqubo (njengomda ophezulu we-coil ubukhulu bomatshini we-spiral welding). Ngaphaya koko, imbono "yomjikelo opheleleyo wobomi" ibalulekile (ukusuka kwimveliso, uthutho, ukufakwa, ukuya ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni).
Xa umbhobho wentsimbi umelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu-kuhambo lombhobho we-oyile nerhasi entlango, uxhathisa impembelelo yamaza kwimfumba yesiseko somnqamlezo{1}} webhulorho yolwandle, okanye uxhasa ubume besithuba kwidome yebala lezemidlalo, kukukhazimla kolu "balo olusengqiqweni" kunye "nobunjineli obubalulekileyo emva kobu bulumko" spiral steel pipe design concept: usebenzisa iindlela zenzululwazi ukwenza amacandelo esinyithi ibhulorho ethembekileyo edibanisa iimfuno kunye nenyani.
