Imibhobho yentsimbi efakwe i-insulated ziinkqubo zemibhobho edibeneyo edibanisa amandla okuthutha umbhobho kunye nobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo bokugquma. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-petroleum, iikhemikhali, ukufudumeza kwesithili, ifriji, kunye nemizi-mveliso yokugquma. Ixabiso labo elingundoqo likuyilo lwazo olulodwa, olunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu ngelixa lihlangabezana neemfuno zobunjineli ezifana nokuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo.
I. Amacandelo eSiseko soLwakhiwo lweMibhobho yeNtsimbi eKhuselweyo
Imibhobho yentsimbi egqunyiweyo ayakhiwanga ngento enye kodwa iqulathe-isakhiwo esingundoqo semaleko amathathu: umbhobho wentsimbi osebenzayo, umaleko wokugquma, kunye neqokobhe langaphandle elikhuselayo. Olunye uyilo lukwabandakanya iileya ezincedisayo ezifana nemigca yealam evuzayo.
1. Umbhobho wentsimbi oSebenzayo (umbhobho ongaphakathi)
Imibhobho yentsimbi esebenzayo ithwala ngokuthe ngqo indawo ehanjiswayo (njengamanzi ashushu, umphunga, okanye ioli). Ngokwesiqhelo zenziwa ngombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo, umbhobho odityanisiweyo ojikelezayo, okanye umbhobho odityanisiweyo othe ngqo. Izinto eziphathekayo zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ze-medium, ezifana ne-carbon steel, insimbi engenasici, okanye i-alloy steel. Udonga lwangaphakathi kufuneka luhlangabezene nomhlwa kunye neemfuneko zokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu-, ngelixa udonga lwangaphandle kufuneka lubotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-insulation layer.
2. Umaleko wokugquma (Intermediate Insulation Layer)
Uluhlu lwe-insulation ngumaleko ophambili wobugcisa bombhobho wensimbi ogqunyiweyo, umsebenzi wawo ophambili ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kobushushu. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokugquma zibandakanya:
I-Polyurethane foam (PUF): I-thermal conductivity ephantsi (malunga ne-0.024 W/m·K), i-cell evaliweyo{1}}phezulu, kunye namandla acinezelayo aphezulu. Ngoku iyeyona imathiriyeli yokugquma engundoqo kwaye inegwebu-kwisiza okanye yenziwe ngaphambili kwimizi-mveliso.
Uboya bamatye/iglasi: Ifanelekile-kummandla wobushushu obuphezulu (umzekelo, ngaphezulu kwe-500 degree), kodwa inoxinaniso oluphezulu kunye ne-hygroscopicity eyomeleleyo.
I-Airgel composite layer: I-ultra{0}}i-nanomaterial entsha ene-thermal conductivity ephantsi kakhulu (<0.018 W/m·K), but it is more expensive and is primarily used in specialized, high-end projects.
Ubunzima bomaleko wokugquma bubalwa ngokusekwe kubushushu obuphakathi, umahluko wobushushu obuphakathi, kunye neengqwalasela zezoqoqosho, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-150 mm.
3. Iqokobhe eliKhuselayo (Isingxobo sangaphandle)
Iqokobhe elikhuselayo likhusela umaleko wokugquma kumonakalo womatshini, imitha ye-UV, kunye nokuhlwa komhlaba. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
{0}}I-polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphezulu (i-HDPE): I-Corrosion -iyaxhathisa kwaye ingangeni manzi, ilungele ukufakwa phantsi komhlaba, eyenziwe bubushushu{2}}i-welding enyibilikayo.
Intsimbi/i-aluminiyam: Isetyenziselwa imibhobho ephezulu okanye{0}}ubushushu obuphezulu, inika amandla omatshini aphezulu kwaye inokudityaniswa ne-anti{1}}ingubo yokurusa ukwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo.
I-Fiberglass eyomeleziweyo yeplastiki (i-FRP): Idibanisa ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye neempawu ezikhaphukhaphu, iyenza ifanelekele iindawo ezinobungozi kakhulu ezifana neshishini lemichiza.
II. IZakhiwo eziNcedisayo kunye neZandiso eziSebenzayo
Ezinye iindlela -eziphezulu zentsimbi ezigqunyiweyo zingadibanisa ezi zinto zilandelayo:
Intambo ye-alamu yokuvuza: Ifakwe kwi-insulation layer, ibeka ngokukhawuleza indawo yesiphoso ngokutshintshwa kwesignali yombane xa ukuvuza kwenzeka kumbhobho wensimbi osebenzayo, ukwandisa ukhuseleko.
Isibiyeli esityibilikayo/isisese senkxaso: Isetyenziswa ixesha elide-umgama othe ngqo{1}olungcwatywe imibhobho yokunciphisa umonakalo obangelwe luxinzelelo lolwandiso lobushushu.
Ukugqunywa kwevacuum (uyilo olunqabileyo nolukhethekileyo): Oku kunciphisa ngakumbi ukuqhutywa kobushushu ngokufunxa, kodwa iindleko zobugcisa ziphezulu kakhulu.
III. Izinto eziluncedo kuLwakhiwo lweMibhobho yeNtsimbi engafakwanga
-I-Insulation eSebenza kakuhle: I-multi-isakhiwo semaleko sisebenza ngokubambisana, okukhokelela ekuqhubeni kwe-thermal ephantsi kakhulu kunombhobho wentsimbi yesiqhelo, ukunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu ukuya kwi-1/5 ukuya kwi-1/10 yaleyo mibhobho yemveli.
Ubomi obude: I-sheath yangaphandle ayidleki{0}}iyaxhathisa kwaye iyaxhathisa kwi-geological subsidence, kunye noyilo lobomi obungama-30 ukuya kuma-50 eminyaka.
Ulwakhiwo olulula: Imibhobho egqunywe ngaphambili ethe ngqo{0}egqunyiweyo yenza imveliso yemveliso esemgangathweni, ifuna kuphela{1}}ulungiselelo lojongano lwesiza, inciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokwakha.
Ukhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo kunye noLondolozo lwaMandla: Ukunciphisa inkcitho yamandla, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemizi-mveliso eluhlaza phantsi kweenjongo "zekhabhoni ezimbini".
Ukuqukumbela
Uyilo lolwakhiwo lwemibhobho yentsimbi egqunyiweyo lubandakanya indibaniselwano enzulu yenzululwazi yemathiriyeli, i-thermodynamics, kunye nosetyenziso lobunjineli. Ukususela kumbhobho wensimbi osebenzayo wangaphakathi ukuya kwi-casing yangaphandle yokukhusela, uluhlu ngalunye luphuculwe ngomsebenzi walo, ekugqibeleni lufezekise iinjongo ezininzi "zothutho olusebenzayo + olude{2}} lwexesha elide + ukukhuselwa okuthembekileyo." Ngokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha zokugquma (ezifana ne-aerogels kunye{5}}ne-insulation coatings), ubume bemibhobho yentsimbi egqunyiweyo iya kuqhubeka nokuba khaphukhaphu kwaye ikrelekrele ngakumbi, ukwandisa amandla abo okusetyenziswa kumacandelo asakhulayo afana namandla amatsha kunye{6}}nemibhobho enzulu yolwandle.
