Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yobunjineli bemibhobho yanamhlanje, imibhobho yentsimbi egqunyiweyo isetyenziswa kakhulu ekufudumezeni, ekupholiseni, kwipetrochemical, nakwezinye iindawo. Umgangatho wabo wokwakha uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokugquma, ukuqina, kunye nokhuseleko. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwakhiwo lwemibhobho yensimbi efakwe i-insulated ihambelana nemimiselo, ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwimigangatho yezobugcisa efanelekileyo kubalulekile, kufuna ukulawulwa ngokucokisekileyo ekukhethweni kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukulungiswa kokwakhiwa, kunye neenkqubo zokufakela.
I. Imigangatho yezinto eziphathekayo kunye noKwamkeleka
Izinto eziphambili zemibhobho yentsimbi egqunyiweyo ibandakanya umbhobho wentsimbi, umaleko wokugquma (ofana negwebu lepolyurethane, uboya bamatye), kunye necasing yangaphandle (efana -njengoxinaniso lwepolyethylene ephezulu okanye isinyithi segalvanized). Phambi kokwakhiwa, zonke izixhobo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho yesizwe, efana ne "GB/T 29047{3}}2012 High{4}}i-polyethylene yangaphandle yoxinaniso lwe-polyethylene casing, i-polyurethane foam plastic prefabricated direct-ingcwatywe umbhobho ogqunyiweyo" okanye "GB/T 17393-2008 I-Technical Insulated Insulated Specification."
I-Steel Pipe: Kufuneka ihambelane ne-GB/T 8163 -2018 iSeamless Steel Pipe for Fluid Transportation okanye GB/T 3091-2015 Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Pressure Fluid Transportation, ukuqinisekisa ukungabikho kweziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka kunye neepinhole.
I-Insulation: I-polyurethane foam kufuneka ibe ne-thermal conductivity Ngaphantsi okanye ilingane no-0.024 W/(m·K), ingxinano ye-Greater than okanye ilingana ne-60 kg/m³, kunye namandla acinezelayo kaKhulu kuno okanye alingana no-0.3 MPa.
Umbhobho waNgaphandle:-ubuninzi be-polyethylene (i-HDPE) enegunya lokuqina lokuKhulu kune-MPa okanye elilingana ne-20 MPa kunye nobude kwikhefu le-Greater than or elilingana ne-350% ukuqinisekisa impembelelo kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa.
Izixhobo kufuneka zinikwe isatifikethi sokuthotyelwa kunye nengxelo yovavanyo ekufikeni kwayo, kwaye uhlolo olubonakalayo kufuneka lwenziwe. Nawuphi na umonakalo, ukuguqulwa, okanye ezinye iziphene kufuneka zithintelwe ekusebenziseni.
II. ULungiselelo loKwakha
UVavanyo Lwesiza: Phambi kokwakhiwa, indlela yombhobho, ubunzulu bokungcwaba, kunye neemeko zomhlaba kufuneka zivavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zoyilo. Ukwembiwa komsele: Umsele othe ngqo{1}}wemibhobho yentsimbi egqunyiweyo egqunyiweyo kufuneka uhambelane neNgcaciso ye-"GB 50268-2008 yoLwakhiwo kunye noKwamkelwa koNikezelo lwaManzi kunye neeProjekthi zoMbhobho woGutyulo." Umphantsi womsele kufuneka ube mcaba kwaye ungabi namatye abukhali. Umaleko we-cushion wesanti ocolekileyo (ubukhulu obungaphezulu okanye obulingana ne-100 mm) kufuneka ubekwe ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Imibhobho yePipeline Prefabrication: Imibhobho yentsimbi egqunyiweyo kufuneka yenziwe ngaphambili kumzi-mveliso okanye{0}}kwisiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqiniswa okuqinileyo phakathi komgangatho wokugquma kunye nombhobho wentsimbi, ongenamingxuma okanye iintanda.
III. Imigangatho yeNkqubo yokuFakela
I-Pipeline Welding: I-Argon arc welding okanye i-arc welding yombane kufuneka isetyenziswe. I-Welds kufuneka ihlole i-100% yokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kunye -novavanyo olungonakalisi (olufana ne-X-reyi okanye uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic) ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa "GB/T 12467-2018 Radiography of Fusion Welded Joints of Metallic Materials" umgangatho.
Ufakelo lwe-Insulation Layer: Umaleko we-polyurethane we-insulation foam kufuneka ube namagwebu kwindawo -indawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ugwebu olufanayo, akukho kushwabana nokuqhekeka. I-casing yangaphandle kunye ne-insulation layer kufuneka ifakwe ngokuqinileyo ukukhusela ukungena kwamanzi. Unyango lwe-Interface: Umaleko wokugquma kuqhagamshelo lwemibhobho (olufana neeflange kunye namalungu adityanisiweyo) kufuneka aqhubeke. Amalungu kufuneka atywinwe ngezinto ezikhethekileyo zokutywina (ezifana nokuncamatheliswa kwepolyurethane okanye irabha{4}}iteyiphu yokugquma iplastiki) ukunqanda ibhulorho eshushu.
IiMfuno zokuzaliswa ngasemva: Xa kuzaliswa umva ngokuthe ngqo-imibhobho engcwatyiweyo, isanti ecolekileyo okanye umhlaba othambileyo kufuneka usetyenziswe ngaphakathi kwe-500 mm ngaphezu kombhobho ongaphezulu ukunqanda ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwezinto eziqinileyo kunye nombhobho. Umhlaba ogcwaliswa ngasemva kufuneka ugatyaniswe umaleko ngokomaleko ukuya kuxinano olungaphezulu okanye olulingana nama-95%.
IV. ImiGangatho yoKwamkeleka koMgangatho
Ukuhlolwa kwembonakalo: I-insulation layer kufuneka igudiswe, ingabinamonakalo okanye ixobuke, kwaye i-casing yangaphandle kufuneka ingabinamikrwelo okanye i-deformation.
Uvavanyo lokuSebenza kwe-Thermal Insulation: Sebenzisa ikhamera yokucinga ye-thermal okanye i-thermal conductivity tester ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-insulation kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ihlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo: Emva kofakelo, umbhobho kufuneka ube novavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic kwi-1.5 amaxesha oxinzelelo lokusebenza. Uvavanyo lokungavuzi kwamanzi emva kwemizuzu engama-30 yoxinzelelo oluzinzileyo luthathwa njengolwamkelekileyo. Uvavanyo lokuRhakala: Ukuba umbhobho wentsimbi ugqunywe nge-anti{4}}i-corrosion coating (efana ne-3PE okanye i-epoxy powder), kufuneka kusetyenziswe isixhobo sokubona ukuvuza kwentlantsi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho kuvuza.
V. Ukhuseleko kunye neeMfuno zokusiNgqongileyo
Ukhuseleko loKwakha: Iibhanti zokhuseleko kufuneka zifakwe xa usebenza kwindawo ephakamileyo, kwaye imisebenzi ye-welding kufuneka iqhutywe ngemilinganiselo yokuthintela umlilo ukukhusela ukutsha kunye nomlilo.
IiMfuno zokusiNgqongileyo: Izixhobo zogwebu lwe-polyurethane kufuneka zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwendalo ngezinto eziguquguqukayo, kwaye izinto ezilahlwayo kufuneka zihlelwe kwaye zilahlwe ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Imigangatho yokwakhiwa kweemibhobho zetsimbi ezifakwe kwi-insulated ibandakanya iinkalo ezininzi, kubandakanywa izinto, iinkqubo, kunye nokuhlolwa kokwamkelwa. Oku kufuneka kuthotyelwe ngokungqongqo kwimimiselo yesizwe neyeshishini ukuqinisekisa-ixesha elide, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwenkqubo yemibhobho. Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kufuneka kuqiniswe ngexesha lokwakhiwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukungaphumeleli kwe-insulation okanye umonakalo wombhobho ngenxa yokwakhiwa okungafanelekanga, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswe umgangatho weprojekthi kunye nobomi benkonzo.
